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- $Unique_ID{BRK04185}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Rett Syndrome}
- $Subject{Rett Syndrome Cerebroatrophic Hyperammonemia Autism Cerebral Palsy }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1992 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 182:
- Rett Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Rett Syndrome) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the alternate
- names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Cerebroatrophic Hyperammonemia
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorder section of this report.
-
- Autism
- Cerebral Palsy
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Rett Syndrome is a progressive degenerative syndrome which has some
- characteristics similar to autism. It is characterized by developmental
- regression or loss of previously acquired skills. Rett Syndrome appears to
- occur primarily in females, however, some males do have Rett's Syndrome.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Rett Syndrome initially manifests signs of developmental regression leading
- to mental and physical retardation. The children lose purposeful movements
- of their hands, and they may rub their hands together in front of their face
- or chest similar to the motion of "handwashing". If the child is walking,
- she does so with a broad-based gait. Slowing of head growth rate is noted
- with increasing age. Many children have episodes of hyperventilation and/or
- breath holding.
-
- Causes
-
- Rett Syndrome is suspected to be a genetic disorder. The mode of
- transmission is presently unknown, although the X-Chromosome is believed to
- play a role in this disorder since it affects primarily females. Geneticists
- at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, TX and others at Johns Hopkins
- University in Baltimore, MD are working very hard to determine the exact way
- Rett Syndrome occurs.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Rett Syndrome has, thus far, been seen in most often in females. While as of
- October, 1986, there were only 1,100 known cases worldwide, the disorder is
- thought to be as prevalent as one in 12,000 live female births, based upon
- studies conducted in Sweden and Scotland.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Autism is a lifelong neurological disorder characterized by onset before
- thirty years of age, retarded development of communication and language, lack
- of normal response to people, and extreme sensitivity to changes in the
- physical environment. About seventy-five percent of Autistic children have
- lower than normal IQ's. Occasionally, an autistic child shows distinct and
- unusual skills in music, mathematics, or in using spatial concepts. Autistic
- people live a normal life span. The prognosis for normal adaptation appears
- to vary with a level of functioning, intelligence and the educational methods
- applied. About 5 in 10,000 children have the fully expressed syndrome; 15 in
- 10,000 children show two or more of the main characteristics of autism. Boys
- are affected four times more frequently than girls. (For more information on
- this disorder, choose "autism" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- Cerebral Palsy is a disorder of muscle control or coordination (motor
- output system) resulting from injury to the brain during its early stages of
- development (fetal, perinatal, or early childhood stages). There may be
- central processing deficits such as communication, intellectual, perceptual,
- and/or seizures. This disorder occurs in several different forms. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Cerebral Palsy" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Seizures associated with Rett Syndrome are treated with anticonvulsive
- medications. Physical therapy is recommended to prevent stiffening and to
- encourage mobility. Music therapy has been helpful in achieving
- communication with some Rett Syndrome patients. Braces and splints are
- sometimes used to treat toe-walking, curvature of the spine (scoliosis), and
- clenched hands. Hydrotherapy or underwater jet massage may also be helpful.
- Special education and related services in school are recommended.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research aimed at finding the cause of Rett Syndrome and new treatments is
- ongoing. More research is necessary to achieve these goals.
-
- The drug Naltretone is being tested as a treatment for Rett Syndrome. More
- research is needed to determine if this drug will be a safe and effective
- therapy for children with Rett Syndrome.
-
- Research on Rett Syndrome is being pursued at the following universities:
-
- Dr. Alan Percy or Dr. Diane Donley in the Department of Pediatric
- Neurology, Sparks Center for Developmental Pediatrics at the University of
- Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL.
-
- Dr. Daniel Glaze, Director, Rett Syndrome Center, Baylor College of
- Medicine, Houston, TX.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- June 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Rett Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- International Rett's Syndrome Association
- 9121 Piscataway Rd., Suite 2-B
- Clinton, MD 20735
- (301) 856-3334
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 8th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. P. 1375.
-
-